Trilobites References:

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Butterfield, N.J. 1995. Secular distribution of Burgess-Shale-type preservation. Lethaia 28: 1-13.

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Butterfield, N.J. 1994. Burgess Shale-type fossils from a Lower Cambrian shallow-shelf sequence in northwestern Canada. Nature 369: 477-479.

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Butterfield, N.J., 1990a. Organic preservation of non-mineralizing organisms and the taphonomy of the Burgess Shale. Paleobiology, v.16, no.3, p.272-286.

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Butterfield, N.J., 1990b. A reassessment of the enigmatic Burgess Shale fossil Wiwaxia corrugata (Matthew) and its relationship to the polychaete Canadia spinosa Walcott. Paleobiology, v.16, no.3, p.287-303.

 

Butterfield, N.J., and Nicholas, C.J. 1996. Burgess Shale-type preservation of both non-mineralizing and 'shelly' Cambrian organisms from the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Journal of Paleontology 70(6): 893-899.

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Burling, L. D. (1914)  Early Cambrian stratigraphy in the North American cordillera, with discussion of Albertella and related fauns. Geol. Surv. Canad, Mus. Bull. No. 2, pp. 93-129

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Campbell, D.P. 1974 Biostratigraphy of the Albertella and Glossopleura zones (lower Middle Cambrian) of northern Utah and southern Idaho. Unpublished Master of Science thesis, University of Utah, 292pp. In depth review of geology and paleontology of the Spence Shale

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Caron, J.-B. 1999. The problematic animal, Banffia constricta, Burgess Shale, Middle Cambrian, British Columbia, Canada. Unpublished dissertation, Universite Claude Bernard - Lyon, France.

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Chatterton, B. D. E. and Ludvigsen, R. (1998)  Upper Steptoean (Upper Cambrian) trilobites from the McKay Group of southeastern British Columbia, Canada. The Paleontological Society, Memoir 49, Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 72, March, 1998, Supplement to No. 2, 43 pp.

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Chen, J.-Y., Ramskold, L., and Zhou, G.-Q., 1994 (May 27). Evidence for monophyly and arthropod affinity of Cambrian giant predators. Science, v.264, p.1304-1308. [Also, "News and Views" on p.1283-1284 by D.E.G. Briggs]

 

Chen, J.-Y., Zhu, M.-Y., and Zhou, G.-Q. 1995. The Early Cambrian medusiform metazoan Eldonia from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte. Acta Paleontologica Polonica 40(3): 213-244.

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Chung-Jung Hu, 1972, Ontogeny of Three Cedaria Zone Trilobites from Upper Cambrian, Montana. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan V.85:245-259

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Churkin, M. Jr. (1961)  Silurian trilobites from the Klamath Mountains, California. Journal of Paleontology, V. 35, No. 1, pp. 168-175

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Clark, C. W., 1921. Lower and middle Cambrian formations of the Mohave Desert. Univ. California Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci. 13:1-7.

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Cloud, P., 1973. Possible stratotype sequences for the basal Paleozoic in North America. American Jour. Sci. 273:193-206.

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Collins, D.H. 1996. The "evolution" of  Anomalocaris and its classification in the arthropod Class Dinocarida (Nov.) and Order Radiodonta (Nov.). Journal of Paleontology 70(2): 280-293.

 

Collins, D.H. 1996. The Leanchoilia - Ottoia fauna from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia. (Abs.) Paleontological Society Special Publication No. 8: 77.

 

Collins, D.H., and Rudkin, D.M. 1981. Priscansermarinus barnetti, a probable lepadomorph barnacle from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia. Journal of Paleontology 55(5): 1006-1015.

 

Collins, D.H.; Briggs, D.E.G.; and Conway-Morris, S., 1983. New Burgess Shale fossil sites reveal Middle Cambrian faunal complex. Science, v.222, p.163-167.

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Conroy, Elizabeth A., 1987, Composition and structure of fossil assemblages in the Elvinia Zone trilobite fauna, of the central Great Basin, Utah and Nevada [M.S.]: Univ. Kansas, 57 p.

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Conway Morris, S. 1997. The cuticular structure of the 495-Myr-old type species of the fossil worm Palaeoscolex, P. piscalerum (?Priapulida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 119: 69-82.

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Conway Morris, S. 1993. Ediacaran-like fossils in Cambrian Burgess Shale-type faunas of North America. Palaeontology 36(3): 593-635.

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Conway Morris, S. 1989. The persistence of Burgess Shale-type faunas: implications for the evolution of deeper-water faunas. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences 80: 271-283.

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Conway Morris, S. 1986. The community structure of the Middle Cambrian Phyllopod Bed (Burgess Shale). Palaeontology 29(3): 423-467.

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Conway Morris, S. 1985. Cambrian Lagerstätten: their distribution and significance. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 311: 49-65.

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Conway Morris, S. 1979. Middle Cambrian polychaetes from the Burgess Shale of British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 285: 227-274.

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Conway Morris, S. 1978. Laggania cambria Walcott: a composite fossil. Journal of Paleontology 52(1): 126-131.

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Conway Morris, S. 1977a. Fossil priapulid worms. Special Papers in Palaeontology 20: 1-95.

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Conway Morris, S. 1976. Nectocaris pteryx, a new organism from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaeontology, Monatshefte 12: 705-713.

 

Conway Morris, S., and Collins, D.H. 1996. Middle Cambrian ctenophores from the Stephen Formation, British Columbia, Canada. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 351: 279-308.

 

Conway Morris, S., and Jenkins, R.J.F. 1985. Healed injuries in Early Cambrian trilobites from South Australia. Alcheringa 9: 167-177.

 

Conway Morris, S., and R.A. Robison. 1988 More soft-bodied animals and algae from the middle Cambrian of Utah and British Columbia. University of Kansas Paleontological contributions, paper 122:1-48 Marpolia, Margaretia, Yuknessia, Cambrorhytium, Selkirkia, Naraoia, Ecnomocaris, Utahcaris, Anomalocaris, Wiwaxia, Eldonia, indeterminate worms, corprolites

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Conway Morris, S., and R.A. Robison 1986 Middle Cambrian Priapulids and other soft-bodied fossils from Utah and Spain. University of Kansa Paleontological Contributions Paper 117:1-22. Ottoia prolifica (Marjum Fm., House Range), selkirkia willoughbyi (Wheeler Fm., Drum Mts.), trace Fossils and other possible soft bodied remains

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Conway Morris, S and Robison, R.A. 1982. The enigmatic medusoid Peytoia and a comparison of some Cambrian biotas. Journal of Paleontology 56, 116-122. Wheeler Fm.- Petoia cf. P. nathersti- now considered jaw of Anomalocaris nathorsti (Whittington and Briggs, 1982)

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Conway Morris, S., Peel, J.S., Higgins, A.K., Soper, N.J., and Davis, N.C. 1987. A Burgess Shale-like fauna from the Lower Cambrian of north Greenland. Nature 326: 181-183.

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Conway Morris, S., and Whittington, H.B. 1985. Fossils of the Burgess Shale - a treasure in Yoho National Park, British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 43: 1-31.

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Conway-Morris, S. and Whittington, H.B., 1979. The animals of the Burgess Shale. Scientific American, v.241, p.122-133.

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Cooper, J. D., R. H. Miller, and F. A. Sundberg.  1982.  Environmental stratigraphy of the lower part of the Nopah Formation (Upper Cambrian), southwestern Great Basin.  In J. D. Cooper, B. W. Troxel, and L. A. Wright (eds), Geology of Selected Areas in the San Bernardino Mountains, Western Mojave Desert, and Southern Great Basin, California. The Death Valley Publishing Company, Shoshone, California.  p.  97-115.

Cooper, J. D., R. H. Miller, and F. A. Sundberg.  1981.  Late Cambrian depositional motifs and paleogeography southeastern California and southern Nevada. Proceedings of the 2nd International Cambrian Symposium. U. S. Geological Survey Open File Report 81-743:57-62.

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Copeland, M.J. 1993. Anomalocaris (of unknown affinity) and Tuzoia (a possible arthropod) from the Lower Cambrian Eager Formation near Cranbrook, British Columbia. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada 444: 1-5.

Darton, N. H., 1907. Discovery of Cambrian rocks in southeastern California. Jour. Geol. 15:470-475.

Darwin's Dilemma Blog, Morris Conway Bibliography, retrieved July 14, 2013.

Darton, N. H., 1915. Guidebook of the western United States: Part C, The Santa Fe route, with side trip to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 613:149-153.

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Dean, W. T. (1988)  Lower Ordovician trilobites from the uppermost McKay Group at its type section, southeastern British Columbia. In Contributions to Canadian Paleontology, Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 379, p. 1-15.

Dean, W. T. (1989)  Trilobites from the Survey Peak, Outram, and Skoki Formations (Upper Cambrian) – Lower Ordovician) at Wilcox Pass, Jasper National Park, Alberta. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 389, 141 pp.

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Deiss,Charles (1939) Cambrian Stratigraphy and Trilobites of Northwestern Montana. The Geological Society of America, Special Papers, Number 18

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Deiss, C. (1939)  Cambrian formations of southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. 50, pp. 951-1026

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Delle Cave, L., and Simonetta, A.M. 1975. Notes on the morphology and taxonomic position of Aysheaia (Onychophora?) and of Skania (undetermined phylum). Monitore Zoologica Italica 9: 67-81.

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Devereux, M.G., 2001. Palaeoecology of the Middle Cambrian Raymond Quarry Fauna, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Earth Sciences (Geology), The University of Western Ontario.

 

Deverereux, M., Collins, D.H., and Butterfield, N.J. 1998. Sedimentological and palaeoecological comparison of the Raymond Quarry and Walcott Quarry assemblages, Burgess Shale.(Abs.) Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 30(7): A234.

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Dommer, M.L. 1980. The Geology of the Drum Mountains, Millard and Juab counties, Utah. BYU Geology Studies, vol. 27, no.3 pp.55-72 Officially set the boundaries of the Pierson Cove Formation.

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Durham, J. W., 1978. A lower Cambrian eocrinoid. Jour. Paleon. 52:195-199.

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Eby, Robert George, 1981, Early Late Cambrian trilobite faunas of the Big Horse Limestone and correlative units in central Utah and Nevada [Ph.D.]: SUNY at Stony Brook, 631 p.

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Eddy, J.D., and McCollum, L.B., 1998, Early Middle Cambrian Albertella Biozone trilobites of the Pioche Shale, southeastern Nevada. Journal of Paleontology, v. 72, p. 864-887.

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Fletcher, T. P. & Collins, D. H. (2003) The Burgess Shale and associated Cambrian formations west of the Fossil Gully Fault Zone on Mount Stephen, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 40: 1823-1838.

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Fletcher, T.P., and Collins, D.H. 1998. The Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale and its relationship to the Stephen Formation in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35: 413-436.

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Fortey, R. A. and Droser, M. L. ( 1999)  Trilobites from the base of the type Whiterockian (Middle Ordovician) in Nevada. Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 182-201

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Fortey, R.A., and Owens, R.M. 1999. Feeding habits in trilobites. Palaeontology 42(3): 429-465.

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Fritz, W. H. (1992) Walcott's Lower Cambrian olenellid trilobite collection 61K, Mount Robson area, Canadian Rocky Mountains. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 432, 65 pp.

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Fritz, W. H., 1990. Comments and Reply on "The Burgess Shale: Not in the shadow of the Cathedral Escarpment". Comment: In defense of the escarpment near the Burgess Shale fossil locality. Geoscience Canada, v.17, no.2, p.106-110.

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Fritz, W. H., 1975. Broad correlations of some lower and middle Cambrian strata in the North American Cordillera. Geol. Survey Canada Paper 75-1(A):533-540.

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Fritz, W. H. (1972) Lower Cambrian trilobites from the Sekwi Formation type section, Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 212, 90 pp.

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Fritz, W.H. 1969. Geological setting of the Burgess Shale. Proceedings of the North American Paleontological Convention, Part I: 1155-1170.

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Fritz, W.H., 1968, Lower and early Middle Cambrian trilobites from the Pioche Shale, east-central Nevada, U.S.A. Palaeontology, v. 11, p. 183-235.

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Fritz, W. H. and Mountjoy (1975)  Lower and Early Middle Cambrian Formations near Mt. Robson, British Columbia and Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Volume 12, No. 2, pp. 119-131

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Fritz, in Oriel & Armstrong, 1971. USGS Prof. Paper 394

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Fuller, J., 1980. A Middle Cambrian fossil locality in the Cadiz Formation, Marble Mountains, California. in Paleontological tour of the Mojave Desert, California-Nevada. So. California Paleon. Soc. Spec. Publ. 2:30-34.

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Gaines, Robert R.; 2000. Ichnofabric, taphonomy and soft-bodied preservation in the Middle Cambrian Wheeler Shale, Millard County, Utah. PaleoBios 20(Suppl.1):1-3 le

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Gaines, Robert R.; Droser, Mary L.; Kennedy, Martin J.; 2001. A diagenetic trigger of exceptional preservation in the Wheeler Shale (Middle Cambrian, Utah). PaleoBios 21(Suppl.1):1-4 S

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Gaines, Robert R.; Droser, Mary L.; Kennedy, Martin J.; 2001. Taphonomy of soft-bodied preservation and ptychopariid Lagerstätte in the Wheeler Shale (Middle Cambrian), House Range, USA; controls and implications. PaleoBios, 21(Suppl.2):1:55

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Gerhard, L.C., 1972, Canadian depositional environments and paleotectonics, central Colorado, IN De Voto, R.H., ed., Paleozoic stratigraphy and structural evolution of Colorado: Colorado School of Mines Quarterly, v. 67, no. 4, p. 1-36

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Girty, George H. (1903) The Carboniferous Formations and Faunas of Colorado, USGS Prof. Paper 16.

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Goryansky, V. Yu. 1973. O neobkhodimosti isklucheniya roda Chancelloria Walcott iz tipa gubok. [On the necessity of exclusion of Chancelloria Walcott from the phyllum Porifera.] Trudy Institute Geologia; Geofizika Sibirskoye Otdeieniye 49: 34-44. [in Russian]

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Gould, Stephen Jay, 1989, Wonderful Life, The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History, W. W. Norton & Co., NY, 347 p., QE 770.G67;  ISBN 0-393-02705-8

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Grant, Richard E., 1965, Faunas and Stratigraphy of the Snowy Range Formation (Upper Cambrian) in Southwestern Montana and Northwestern Wyoming. Geological Society of America, Memoir 96

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Gunther,L.F., and Gunther, V.G. 1981. Some Middle Cambrian fossils of Utah. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 28, 1-81. Very good identification source to many of the Marjum Fm., Wheeler Fm., and Spence Shale fauna, still in print and available for about $10.00 from BYU.

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Gunther, L. F., Gunther, V. G., and Gunther, G., 1994, Some Middle Cambrian fossils of Utah, in Special issue on Utah: Utah Geological Survey Public Information Series 26, p. 59-62.

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Hamilton, M.M., Derkey, R.E., and McCollum, L. B., 2003, Early Middle Cambrian (Glossopleura Biozone) trilobites in a steptoe surrounded by Columbia River Basalt near Spokane, Washington. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, p. 159.

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Hardy, J.K., 1986, Stratigraphy and depositional environments of Lower and Middle Cambrian strata in the Lake Mead region, southern Nevada and northwestern Arizona. Unpub. MS thesis, UNLV, 309 p.

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Hazzard, J. C., 1933. Notes on the Cambrian rocks of the eastern Mohave Desert, California. Univ. California Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci. 23:57-80.

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Hazzard, J. C., 1937a. Cambrian "Girvanella" from the southern Great Basin region (abstr.). Geol. Soc. America Proc. 1936 p. 354-355.

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Hazzard, J. C., 1937b. Paleozoic section in the Nopah and Resting Springs Mountains, Inyo County, California. California Jour. Mines Geol. 33:273-339.

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Hazzard, J. C., 1938. Paleozoic section in the Providence Mountains, San Bernardino County, California (abstr.). Geol. Soc. America Proc. 1937 p. 240-241.

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Hazzard, J. C., 1954. Rocks and structure of the northern Providence Mountains, San Bernardino County, California. California Div. Mines Bull. 170(4):27-35.

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Hazzard, J. C., and Mason, J. F., 1936. Middle Cambrian formations of the Providence and Marble Mountains, California. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 47:229-240.

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Henriksen, K.L. 1928. Critical notes upon some Cambrian arthropods described by Charles D. Walcott. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening: Khobenhaun 86: 1-20.

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Hesselbo, Stephen P. 1989. The aglaspidid arthropod Beckwithia from the Cambrian of Utah and Wisconsin. Journal of Paleontology, vol.63, no.5, pp.636-642. Beckwithia typa (Weeks Fm.)

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Hewett, D. F., 1956. Geology and mineral resources of the Ivanpah Quadrangle, California and Nevada. U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 275:1-172.

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Hine, A.C.; Locker, S.D.; et al., 1992. Megabreccia shedding from modern, low-relief carbonate platforms, Nicaraguan Rise. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.104, p.928-943.

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Hintze, L. F. , 1988, Geologic history of Utah: Brigham Young University Geology Studies Special Publication 7, p. 14-19.

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Hintze, Lehi F. (1973) Geologic History of Utah. Brigham Young University, Geology Studies 20(3):15-164

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Hintze, L.F., and Robison, R.A., 1975, Middle Cambrian stratigraphy of the House, Wah Wah, and adjacent ranges in western Utah. GSA Bulletin, v. 86, p. 881-891.

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Hollingsworth, J.S., McCollum, M. B., McCollum, L. B., and Fritz, W.H., 2002, Outer shelf to slope deposits of the Lower Cambrian Poleta Formation, Western Great Basin , Nevada . Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, no. 6, p. 138.

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Hou, X.-G., Bergstrom, J., and Ahlberg, P. 1995. Anomalocaris and other large animals in the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna of southwest China. GFF 117(3): 163-183.

 

Hou, X.-G., Bergstrom, J., and Ahlberg, P. 1995. Anomalocaris and other large animals in the Lower Cambrian of southwest China. Geologiske Föreningens; Stockholm Forhandlinger 117: 163-183.

 

Hou, X.-G., Chen, J.-Y., and Lu, H.-Z. 1989. Early Cambrian new arthropods from Chengjian, Yunnan. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 28(1): 53-68.

 

Hou, X.-G., Ramskold, L., and Bergstrom, J. 1991. Composition and preservation of the Chengjiang fauna - a Lower Cambrian soft-bodied biota. Zoologica Scripta 20: 395-411.

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Jell, P.A. 1975. Australian Middle Cambrian eodiscoids, with a review of the superfamily. Palaeontographica A 150: 1-97.

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Jell, P. A. & Adrain, J. M. (2003) Available generic names for trilobites. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 48 (2): 331-553. Brisbane

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Kim, D. H. and Choi, D. K. (2000)  Jujuyaspis and associated trilobites from the Mungok Formation (Lower Ordovician), Yongwol, Korea. Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 74, No. 6, pp. 1031-1042.

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Lanphere, M. A., 1964. Geochronologic studies in the eastern Mojave Desert, California. Jour. Geol. 72:381-399.

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Liddell, W David; Wright, Scott H.; Brett, Carlton E.; 1997. Sequence stratigraphy and paleoecology of the Middle Cambrian Spence Shale in northern Utah and southern Idaho. Brigham Young University, Geology Studies 42(1):59-78

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Lieberman, B.S., 2003, A new soft-bodied fauna: The Pioche Formation of Nevada. Journal of Paleontology, v. 77, no. 4, p. 674-690. 

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Lieberman, B. S. (2002) Phylogenetic analysis of some basal early Cambrian trilobites, the biogeographic origins of the Eutrilobita, and the timing of the Cambrian radiation. Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 692-708.

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Lieberman, B. S. (2001)  Phylogenetic analysis of the Olenellina Walcott, 1890 (Trilobita, Cambrian). Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 96-115.

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Lieberman, B.S., 2000, A new Early Cambrian lagerstatten and disparate selectivities during Cambrian extinctions. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 32, no. 7, p. 301.

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Lieberman, Bruce S.; 1999. Systematic Revision of the Olenelloidea (Trilobita, Cambrian). Bulletin 45, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University

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Lin, J.P., 2001, Preliminary report on acrotretid and paterniid brachiopods from the Emigrant Formation (Middle Cambrian) at Big Mike Canyon, Esmeralda County, Nevada. GSA Abstracts with Programs, v. 33, no. 2, p. 76-77.

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Loch, J.S., Stitt, J.H., and Derby, J.R., 1993, Cambro-Ordovician boundary interval extinctions: Implications of revised trilobite and brachiopod data from Mount Wilson, Alberta, Canada. Journal of Paleontology, v. 67, p. 497-517.

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Lochman, Christina & Donald Duncan, 1944, Early Upper Cambrian Faunas of Central Montana. Geological Society of America, Special Papers No.54

Lochman,Christina; 1950, Upper Cambrian Faunas of the Little Rocky Mountains, Montana. Journal of Paleontology 24(3):322-349

Lochman,Christina & Duncan, Donald; 1950, The Lower Ordovician Bellefontia Fauna in Central Montana. Journal of Paleontology 24(3):350-353

Lochman, Christina & Hu, Chung-Hung, 1962, An Aphelaspis Zone Faunule From Logan, Montana. Journal of Paleontology 36(3):431-441

Lochman, Christina, 1964, Upper Cambrian Faunas From the Subsurface Deadwood Formation, Williston Basin, Montana. Journal of Paleontology 38(1):33-60

Lochman, Christina, 1966, Lower Ordovician (Arenig) Faunas From the Williston Basin, Montana and North Dakota. Journal of Paleontology 40(3):512-548

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Ludvigson, R., 1989. The Burgess Shale: Not in the shadow of the Cathedral Escarpment. Geoscience Canada, v.16, no.2, p.51-59.

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Ludvigson, R., 1990. Comments and Reply on "The Burgess Shale: Not in the shadow of the Cathedral Escarpment". Reply: To comments by Fritz and Aitken and McIlreath. Geoscience Canada, v.17, no.2, p.116-118.

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Mankiewicz, C. 1992. Obruchevella and other microfossils in the Burgess Shale: preservation and affinity. Journal of Paleontology 66(5): 717-729.

 

Marek, L. and Yochelson, E.L. 1976. Aspects of the biology of Hyolitha (Mollusca). Lethaia 9: 65-82.

 

Marek, L., Parsely, R.L., and Galle, A. 1997. Functional morphology of hyoliths based on flume studies. Vestnik Ceskeho Geologickeho Ustavu 72(4): 351-358.

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Mason, J. F., 1935. Fauna of the Cambrian Cadiz Formation, Marble Mountains, California. So. California Acad. Sci. Bull. 34:97-119.

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Maxey, G. B. (1958) Lower and Middle Cambrian Stratigraphy in northern Utah and southeastern Idaho. GSA Bull., v.69, p. 647-688

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McCollum, L. B. 1994, Faunal extinction and replacement at the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary, southern Great Basin . Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, p. 54.

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McCollum, L. B. 1995, Earliest Middle Cambrian faunal recovery. Geological Association of Canada /Mineralogical Association of Canada Annual Meeting, Abstracts, v. 20, p. A-68.

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McCollum, L. B. 1998, Recognition of maximum flooding surfaces in the Lower to Middle Cambrian, mixed siliciclastic-carbonate lithofacies: Key to regional chronostratigraphic correlations in the southern Great Basin. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 30, no. 5, p. 54.

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McCollum, L. B. 1999, Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary interval in the cratonal sections from Las Vegas to the Grand Canyon. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 31, no. 6, p. 78.

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McCollum, L. B. and McCollum, M. B., , 1984, Comparison of a medial shelf sequence with an outer shelf margin sequence, northern Great Basin. Utah Geological Association 1984 Field Conference, Publication 13, p. 35-44.

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McCollum, L. B. and McCollum, M. B.,  1988, Cambrian paleogeography of the Great Basin , a tribute to Charles D. Walcott. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 20, no. 7, p. 121.

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McCollum, L. B. and McCollum, M. B., 1990, Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary in North America. Abstracts from the Third International Symposium on the Cambrian System, Novosibirsk, USSR, p. 136.

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McCollum, L. B. and McCollum, M. B.,  1994, Biostratigraphy of Lower to Middle Cambrian strata in an onshore-offshore transect across the southern Great Basin. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, p. 71.

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McCollum, L. B. and Miller, D.M., 1991, Cambrian stratigraphy of the Wendover area, Utah and Nevada . U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1948, 43 p.

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McCollum, L. B., Robison, R.S., and Rees, M.N., 1988, Paleobiogeography of the Middle Cambrian outer shelf of the Great Basin . Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 20, no. 3, p. 212.

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McCollum, L. B. and Sundberg, F.A., 1999, Biostratigraphic correlation of the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary in the outer shelf Emigrant Formation, Split Mountain, Esmeralda County, Nevada, in Palmer, A.R., ed., LAURENTIA 99; V Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group (ICSC), p. 62.

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McCollum, L. B. and Sundberg, F. A.  1999.  Stop 9. Biostratigraphy of the traditional Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary interval in the outer shelf Emigrant Formation, Split Mountain East section, Esmeralda County, Nevada.  Pp. 29-34, in Palmer, A. R. (ed.) Laurentia 99, V Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group.

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McCollum, L. B. and Sundberg, F.A., 2000, The Cambrian Emigrant Formation: A highly condensed outer shelf sequence, Esmeralda County, Nevada. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 32, no. 7, p. A456.

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McCollum, L. B. and Sundberg, F.A., 2002, Correlation of the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary interval in the circum-Pacific region based on oryctocephalid trilobites. First International Palaeontological Congress, Geological Society of Australia Abstracts No. 68, p. 242.

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McCollum, L. B., Sundberg, F.A., and Montanez, I.P., 2002, Just how complete is the sedimentary record at biomere extinctions? An example from the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary in Laurentia. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, no. 6, p. 414.

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McCormick, T and Fortey, R. A. ( 1999) The most widely distributed trilobite species: Ordovician Carolinites genacinana. Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 73, pp. 202-218.

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Sundberg, F.A., and McCollum, L. B. 2002, Kochiella Poulsen, 1927, and Hadrocephalites new genus (Trilobita: Ptychopariida) from the early Middle Cambrian of western North America. Journal of Paleontology, v. 76, p. 76-94.

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Sundberg, F.A., and McCollum, L. B. 2000, Ptychopariid trilobites from the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary interval, Pioche Shale, southeastern Nevada . Journal of Paleontology, v. 74, p. 604-630.

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Sundberg, F.A., and McCollum, L. B. 1999, Biostratigraphic correlation of the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary interval of the Cordilleran region of Laurentia. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 31, no. 6, p. 100.

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Sundberg, F.A., and McCollum, L. B. 1997, Oryctocephalids (Corynexochida: Trilobita) of the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary interval from California and Nevada. Journal of Paleontology, v. 71, p. 1065-1090.

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Sundberg, F.A., McCollum, L. B., and McCollum, M. B. 2001, Sequence stratigraphy of the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary interval, southern Great Basin. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 33, no. 3, p. A48.

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Sundberg, F.A., McCollum, L. B., Yuan, J., and Zhao, Y., 1999, The near-synchronicity of trilobite extinctions at the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary of eastern Gondwana and Laurentia. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 31, no. 7, p. 465.

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Sundberg, F. A., and R. H. Miller.  1982.  Biomere boundaries in the Phanerozoic time scale. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 19:269-278.

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Sundberg, F.A., Yuan, J., McCollum, L. B., and Zhao, Y., 1999a, Oryctocephalus indicus as an international index fossil near the base of the traditional Middle Cambrian (abstract), in Palmer, A.R., ed., LAURENTIA 99; V Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group (ICSC), p. 62.

Sundberg, F. A., Yuan Jin-Liang, L. B. McCollum, and Zhao Yuan-Long.  1999b.  Correlation of the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary of South China and western North America.  Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, vol. 38, Supplement, p. 102-107.

Taylor, Michael Evan, 1971, The biostratigraphy and systematics of trilobites (Arthropoda; tribolita) from the upper Cambrian (upper Franconian-Tempealeauan stages) in the Central Coast Basin, Nevada and Utah [Ph.D.]: Univ. California, Berkeley.

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Tremblay, J. V. (1996)  Trilobites and Strata of the Lower and Middle Cambrian Peyto, Mount Whyte and Naiset Formatiopns, Alberta and British Columbia. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.

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Trilobites Family Album, Trilobite Classification, retieved June 6, 2014. Order Agnostida Order Redlichiida Order Corynexochida Order Phacopida Order Lichida Order Proetida Order Harpetida Order Ptychopariida Order Asaphida Order Odontopleurida Order Nectaspida

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Tschanz, C.M., and Pampeyan, E.H., 1970, Geology and mineral deposits of Lincoln County , Nevada . Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bull. 73, 188 p.

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Ubaghs, G. and R.A. Robison 1988. Homalozoan Echinoderms of the Wheeler Formation (Middle Cambrian) of Western Utah. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions. paper 120:1-18. Ctenocystis colodon-Wheeler Shale (Drum Mts.), Castericystis? Sprinklei-Wheler Fm (House Range), Cothurnocystis? bifida-Wheeler Fm. (House Range)

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Ubaghs, G., and R.A. Robison, 1985. A New Homoiostelean and a new eocrinoid from the Middle Cambrian of Utah. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions. Paper 115:1-24. Castericystis vali-Marjum Fm.(homoistelean), Marjumicystis mettae-Marjum Fm.(eocrinoid), indet. Genus/species (Weeks Fm.)

Utah Trilobite Collecting Sites, Retrieved August, 25, 2009.

. Vannier, J., and Chen, J.-Y. 2000. The Early Cambrian colonization of pelagic niches exemplified by Isoxys (Arthropoda). Lethaia 33: 295-311.

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Velechovsky, Milos, 1985, Depositional environments and paleontology of the Lower Cambrian Combined Metals and parts of the C-shale members of the Pioche Shale from Delamar Mountains and Highland Range, Nevada. Unpublished MS thesis, Univ. of Kansas , 119 p.

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Vorwald, Gary R. 1984 Paleontology and paleoecology of the upper Wheeler Formation (Late Middle Cambrian), Drum Mountains, west-central Utah. Unofficially reset the boundaries of the Pierson Cove Fm. in the Drum Mts., causing considerable confusion between the boundaries of the Pierson Cove Fm. and the underlying Wheeler Fm. (see Dommer, 1980)

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Walcott, C.D. 1931. Addenda to descriptions of Burgess Shale Fossils (Posthumous, with explanatory notes by Charles E. Resser). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 85(3): 1-46.

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Walcott, C.D. 1920. Cambrian geology and paleontology IV: Middle Cambrian Spongiae. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 67(6): 261-364.

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Walcott, C.D. 1919. Cambrian geology and paleontology IV: Middle Cambrian algae. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 67(5): 217-260.

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Walcott, C.D. 1918. Cambrian geology and paleontology IV: Appendages of trilobites. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 67(4): 115-216.

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Walcott, Charles D.; 1917, Cambrian Geology and Paleontology IV, No.2 The Albertella Fauna in British Columbia and Montana. Smith.Misc.Coll. Vol.67, No.2, pp. 9-59

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Walcott, C.D. 1912a. Cambrian geology and paleontology II: Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita and Merostomata. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 57(6): 145-228.

 

Walcott, C.D. 1912b. Cambrian of the Kicking Horse Valley, British Columbia. Summary Report, Geological Survey Branch, Department of Mines, Canada, Sessional Paper 26: 188-191.

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Walcott, C.D. 1911a. Cambrian geology and paleontology II: Middle Cambrian Merostomata. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 57(2): 17-40.

 

Walcott, C.D. 1911b. Cambrian geology and paleontology II: Middle Cambrian holothurians and Medusae. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 57(3): 41-68.

 

Walcott, C.D. 1911c. Cambrian geology and paleontology II: Middle Cambrian annelids. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 57(5): 109-144.

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Walcott, C.D. 1908. Mount Stephen rocks and fossils. Canadian Alpine Journal 1(2): 232-248.

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Walcott, C.D., 1890, The fauna of the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus Zone. USGS Annual Report 10, p. 509-763.

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Walkley, J.A., Doherty, R.C., Downey, T.M., Moar, T.A., Salter, R.B., and McCollum, L. B. 1994, Results of undergraduate research on the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary extinction. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, no. 7, p. 101-102.

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Webster, Mark, 2003, Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Early Cambrian Olenelloid trilobites, with emphasis on the Late Dyeran Biceratopsidae. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of California , Riverside , 538 p.

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Webster, M, Sadler, P. M., Kooser, M. A., & Fowler, E. (2003)  Combining stratigraphic sections and museum collections to increase biostratigraphic resolution. Application to Lower Cambrian trilobites from southern California. in Approaches in High-Resolution Stratographic Paleontology, Chapter 3, ed. P. J. Harries, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.

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Wheeler, H. E., 1943, Lower and Middle Cambrian Stratigraphy in the Great Basin area. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 54, p. 1781-1822.

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Westrop, Stephen R, 1995. Sunwaptan and Ibexian (Upper Cambrian-Lower Ordovician) trilobites of the Rabbitkettle Formation, Mountain River region, northern Mackenzie Mountains, northwest Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana no. 12. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Geological Association of Canada.

Westrop, Stephen R, 1986. Trilobites of the Upper Cambrian Sunwaptan Stage, southern Canadian Rocky Mountains, Alberta. Palaeontographica Canadiana no. 3. CSPG, GAC

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Westrop, S. R. and Ludvigsen, R. (2000)  The Late Cambrian (Marjuman) trilobite genus Hystropleura Raymond from the Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland. Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 74, No. 6, pp. 1020-1030.

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White, William W. III; 1973.

Depositional environments of Wheeler Formation, Drum Mountains, Millard

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Whiteaves, J.F. 1892. Description of a new Genus and Species of phyllocarid Crustacea from the Middle Cambrian of Mount Stephen, B.C. Canadian Record of Science 5(4): 205-208.

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Whittington, H.B. 1985. The Burgess Shale. Yale University Press, New Haven: 151 pp.

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Whittington, H.B. 1981. Rare arthropods from the Burgess Shale, Middle Cambrian, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 292: 329-357.

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Whittington, H.B. 1980b. Exoskeleton, moult stage, appendage morphology and habits of the Middle Cambrian trilobite Olenoides serratus. Palaeontology 23(1): 171-204.

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Whittington, H.B. 1977. The Middle Cambrian trilobite Naraoia, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 280: 409-443.

 

Whittington, H.B. 1975. The enigmatic animal Opabinia regalis, Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 271: 1-43.

 

Whittington, H.B. 1971. The Burgess Shale: history of research and preservation of fossils. Proceedings of the North American Paleontological Convention, Chicago 1: 1170-1201.

 

Whittington, H.B., and Briggs, D.E.G. 1985. The largest Cambrian animal, Anomalocaris, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 309: 569-609.

 

Whittington, H.B., and Briggs, D.E.G. 1982. A new conundrum from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale. Third North American Paleontological Convention, Proceedings 2: 573-575.

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Williams, M., Siveter, D.J., and Peel, J.S. 1996. Isoxys (Arthropoda) from the Early Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, north Greenland. Journal of Paleontology 70(6): 947-954.

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Willoughby, R.H and Robison, R.A. 1979. Medusoids from the Middle Cambrian of Utah. Journal of Paleontology 53, 494-500.p. Brooksella, Cambromedusa, Spence Shale, Wheeler Fm.

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Wills, M.A. 1998. Cambrian and Recent disparity: the picture from priapulids. Paleobiology 24(2): 177-199.

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Wilson, J. R., 1995, A collector's guide to rock, mineral and fossil localities in Utah: Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 95-4, p. 65-104.

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Yochelson, E.L. 1961. The operculum and mode of life of Hyolithes. Journal of Paleontology 35(1): 152-161.

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Zhao, Y.L., Yuan, J.L., McCollum, L. B., Sundberg, F.A., Yang, R.D., Gui, Q.J., Zhu, L.J., and Yang, X.L., 2001, A potential GSSP for the Lower and Middle Cambrian boundary near Balang village, Taijiang County, Guizhou Province, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, v. 40, supp., p. 130-142.

 

Burgess taxonomy authors - descriptions of new species (refs. from Briggs et al., 1994):

 

Bassler (1935)

Bassler (1936)

Briggs (1977)

Briggs and Collins (1988)

Briggs, D. E. G., Erwin, D. H., and Collier, F. J. (1994)  The Fossils of the Burgess Shale. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 238 pp.

 

*reference list compiled by Kevin D. Brett


Western Trilobites Association:
Trilobite Genera / Species I Trilobite Formations I Trilobite Locations